Topic: Criminal Justice

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Good Samaritan Fatal Overdose Prevention and Drug-induced Homicide: Summary of State Laws

Research indicates that there is often a reluctance among those witnessing an overdose to summon emergency assistance from law enforcement or other first responders out of fear of arrest for drug possession or other charges. In an effort to reduce this fear and to encourage overdose witnesses to seek help, state policymakers developed Good Samaritan laws specific to drug overdoses. The purpose of these laws is to prioritize the overdose victim’s safety over arresting drug users by granting limited protection from criminal liability to persons seeking medical assistance and, in most cases, to the overdose victim. This document (1) provides a singular resource for each jurisdiction’s laws; (2) allows for a comparison of these laws between jurisdictions; and (3) identifies and highlights interesting provisions.

Improving Outcomes for Individuals on Community-based Supervision with Opioid Use Disorders (OUD)

This 2-hour online course is designed specifically for community supervision officers and community treatment providers working with justice-involved individuals. Whether you’re supervising someone with an OUD under community supervision or providing their treatment, every interaction is an opportunity to achieve better outcomes.

Overdose Education & Naloxone Distribution for Law Enforcement

This self-paced, online course covers the following learning objectives: Understand the scope of the opioid epidemic, Understand pain and how opioids work in the body, Explain how to recognize and respond to an opioid overdose, Understand the role of naloxone in an opioid overdose and how it can prevent an overdose death, Demonstrate how to administer intranasal naloxone, Discuss how to respond to a suspected Xylazine overdose

Opioid Use Disorder Treatment for People Involved in the US Criminal Justice System—Promising Advances and Critical Implementation Challenges

Winkelman TNA, Silva RS. Opioid Use Disorder Treatment for People Involved in the US Criminal Justice System—Promising Advances and Critical Implementation Challenges. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(9):e2125120. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25120

Opioid Addiction and the Criminal Justice System

The resources on this website are designed to assist correctional agencies, community-based treatment providers, probation and parole agencies, and other service providers in better responding to people who have opioid addictions who are in the criminal justice system.

Medications to Treat Opioid Use Disorder Research Report: How is opioid use disorder treated in the criminal justice system?

NIDA. 2021, April 13. How is opioid use disorder treated in the criminal justice system?. Retrieved from https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/how-opioid-use-disorder-treated-in-criminal-justice-system on 2024, June 6

Re-envisioning How the Criminal Justice System Responds to the Opioid Crisis

People interacting with the justice system — those arrested, awaiting trial in jail or prison, or on probation or parole — face stark challenges in the opioid crisis. Not only are they at significant risk of having opioid use disorder or overdosing, but they also are among the people least likely to receive medication and other health services to treat their addiction and support their recovery.

To find better ways to connect justice-involved people with lifesaving treatment for opioid use disorder, the Helping to End Addiction Long-term® Initiative, or NIH HEAL Initiative®, funded a new national research network: the Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN). Read more.

Treating opioid use disorders in the criminal justice system with pharmacotherapy

Schenk, S., Eisenbarth, H., & Dixon, L. (2020). Treating opioid use disorders in the criminal justice system with pharmacotherapy. Forensic Science International: Mind and Law, 1, 100009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2020.100009

Medication Assisted Treatment in Jails and Community-Based Settings

Hosted by The Council of State Governments Justice Center, with Funding Support from the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice Assistance, this recorded webinar is designed for Justice and Mental Health Collaboration Program and Second Chance Act Reentry Program for Adults with Co-occurring Substance Use and Mental Disorders grantees and features speakers from three different grant programs that are utilizing MAT in jail and community-based settings for people involved in the justice system.

Best Practices for Successful Reentry for People with an Opioid Addiction

Hosted by the National Reentry Resource Center, with funding support from the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice Assistance, this recorded webinar includes information on planning and coordination, behavioral health treatment, cognitive interventions, and community supervision practices as well as community resources such as housing and recovery support services.

Opioid Addiction Screening and Assessment for People in the Criminal Justice System

Hosted by the National Reentry Resource Center with funding support from the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice Assistance, this recorded webinar focusses on best practices for screening and assessment of people in the criminal justice system who have opioid addictions.

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) for Opioid Use Disorder in Jails and Prisons: A Planning and Implementation Toolkit

This toolkit provides correctional administrators and health care providers recommendations and tools for implementing medication-assisted treatment (MAT) in correctional settings. It provides examples from the field that can be widely applied and adapted for programs that serve justice-involved individuals.

ASAM Treatment in Correctional Settings Toolkit

A toolkit designed to help you advocate for policies to improve addiction prevention, treatment, and recovery and remission in correctional settings.

Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act of 2015

The Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act of 2015 (Senate Bill 459, Chapter 26, Statutes of Nevada 2015 NRS 453C.120) created various provisions addressing the opiate overdose epidemic that continues to claim over 300 lives per year in Nevada. The law prevents punitive actions against health professionals and any person who administers naloxone or calls 911 to assist someone who may be overdosing on opiates. It also provides immunity to persons seeking medical treatment for an opioid overdose for themselves or someone else. Learn more about the Good Samaritan Law.

Evidence-Based Strategies for Preventing Opioid Overdose: What’s Working in the United States

There are strategies that can assist community leaders, local and regional organizers, non-profit groups, law enforcement, public health, and members of the public in understanding and navigating effective ways to prevent opioid overdose in their communities. Use this information as a reference for evidence-based practices that have been successfully implemented in the U.S.

Re-envisioning How the Criminal Justice System Responds to the Opioid Crisis

Connecting justice-involved people with life saving medication treatment for opioid use disorder.

The Effectiveness of Interventions for Drug-Using Offenders in the Courts, Secure Establishments and the Community: A Systematic Review

Published in the International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, this systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of interventions, including MAT, drug courts, and therapeutic communities, for addressing substance use disorders among offenders.

Community-based Behavioral Health Services for Justice-involved Individuals

Traditional efforts in treatment for mental illness and substance use disorder for justice-involved individuals has been concentrated on providing tools and training for criminal justice professionals and was expensive and ineffective. Re-focusing on providing knowledge, skills, and training about justice-involved individuals to behavioral health providers helps them to provide community-based services to this population effectively and at reduced cost.

The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model: Empirically Based Treatment for Criminal Offenders

The risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model was first drafted formally by researchers in Canada looking for ways to reduce recidivism for offenders in correctional settings (Andrews, et al., 1990). The authors described four principles of classification for effective rehabilitation which drive rehabilitation efforts:

Naloxone and Narcan Administration Training for Law Enforcement: SELF-PACED ONLINE COURSE

Upon completion of this online course participants should be able to: Understand pain and how opioids work in the body; Explain how to recognize and respond to an opioid overdose; Understand the role of naloxone in an opioid overdose and how it can prevent an overdose death; and Demonstrate how to use the various formulations of naloxone.

Adults with Behavioral Health Needs under Correctional Supervision

This report is written for policymakers, administrators, and service providers committed to improving outcomes for the large number of adults with mental health and substance use disorders that cycle through the criminal justice system. It introduces an evidence-based framework for prioritizing scarce resources based on assessments of individuals’ risk of committing a future crime and their treatment and support needs. The report also outlines the principles and practices of the substance abuse, mental health, and corrections systems and proposes a structure for state and local agencies to build collaborative responses.

Principles of Community-based Behavioral Health Services for Justice-involved Individuals: A Research-based Guide

This guide provides information and practices that behavioral health providers can implement in their daily practice with patients or clients who are involved in the criminal justice system.

Best Practices for Successful Reentry From Criminal Justice Settings for People Living With Mental Health Conditions and/or Substance Use Disorders

This guide examines the types of interventions that support successful reentry for adults with mental health conditions and/or substance use disorders who are leaving jail/prison.

Use of Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Criminal Justice Settings

This guide focuses on using medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder in jails and prisons and during the reentry process when justice -involved persons return to the community. It provides an overview of policies and evidence-based practices that reduce the risk of overdose and relapse.

Guidelines for Managing Substance Withdrawal in Jails

A Tool for Local Government Officials, Jail Administrators, Correctional Officers, and Health Care Professionals is designed to support jails (including detention, holding, and lockup facilities) and communities in providing effective health care for adults (18 years of age and older) who are sentenced or awaiting sentencing to jail, awaiting court action on a current charge, or being held in custody for other reasons (e.g., violation of terms of probation or parole) and are at risk for or experiencing substance withdrawal.